the horse and the loaded donkey theme

There was heavy load on the back of the donkey. The donkey worked much harder than the horse.On a bright sunny day, Bheema was going to the pond with donkey. From "The Magic Prison" hinting that the palace will become a prison. Came the sound from the horses mouth. The horse replied, "Heavy or light . While he would use the horse for himself to go wherever he needed to. It is therefore manifest, that something else ought yet to be done; and what is required, is evidently By Shreya Sharma. On a bright sunny day, Bheema was going to the pond with donkey. Read the play together as a group, pausing after each scene to summarize what happened. How are they alike? Ask students to brainstorm guidelines for working as a team (for example, share the work fairly), and list them on the board. He took the horse along to give it a drink of water. I am here only to carry our master to the market." What message of the story the farmer and the donkey is still applicable in the world today? "The Horse was ill-natured and refused to do it; upon which the poor Donkey tumbled down in the midst of the highway, and expired." "The countryman then took the whole burden, and laid it upon the Horse, together with the skin of the dead Donkey." "An idle Horse, and a Donkey laboring under a heavy burden, were traveling the road together." The proud horse continued on his way. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Donkey struggles, then stops. 20% of the individual donkeys spawn as foals. I should have been little more careful," thought the washer man. Instruct students to study the title, illustrations, and subtitle on pages 24-25. Whether it is a poem, a story, a novel, or anything else based on the one who is the narrator or the writer of the story, or a poem. Ask them to include a one-line caption. "Poor Donkey, you have too much to carry.". One day, the washerman loaded his donkey with heavy bundles of clothes, while the horse carried nothing. He would use the donkey to carry the load of clothes from the village to the river and back, whereas he would use the horse for himself to go wherever he wanted. For Part A : The theme of "The Horse and the Loaded Donkey" is Selfishness is not rewarded. Hence, Option A is correct. The little boy had a better idea to make the donkey move. The horse is a fast animal with many of the same physical characteristics as the donkey. The fable is a variant of stories recorded since antiquity of which there is scarcely one version that concerns the same pair of animals. "Answers. can be expressed in 1-3 words. What is the moral lesson in the story of donkey and a farmer? All the stories talk about the behaviors and animal and relates to human behavior.No one knows about whether, Aesop is the only creator behind Aesop fables. Donkeys can run along at a respectable 15 mph, but horses are bred for speed and endurance and can reach 30 . The horse and donkey became best friends and started sharing their work. Will you please help me? The horse enjoyed an easy life carrying only his master. If we ask for too much, we may lose what we have. Can You Breed A Father And Daughter Horse? Courtesy Reuters. [4] This begins with the moral that, in Classical versions, is usually put into the mouth of the remaining animal: Illustrations from books from the 15th - 19th centuries, The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian, The Taill of how this forsaid Tod maid his Confessioun to Freir Wolf Waitskaith, The Taill of Schir Chanticleir and the Foxe, The Taill of the Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Horse_and_the_Donkey&oldid=1126635524, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 11:34. : . Grandpa: Well, what did you think of my story? In ancient time, none of the stories was in print. What is the moral of the story of the foolish donkey? Here are some easy to spot horse vs donkey differences: Donkeys' backs are flatter than horses. The horse was carrying nothing. I was rolling down a hill. Once upon a time, there lived a washerman in a village. . Children enjoy reading them simply because it is Aesop Fables. Here is a visual depiction of one of the awesome animal stories for kids, "The Horse And The . ! All it takes is one click! Find all the solutions for the puzzle on our Daily Themed Mini Crossword June 15 2022 Answers guide. Harry: It was better for both of them to work together. You may also like to read, The Dog Who Went Abroad. Horse, can you help me carry the laundry, please? The greedy dog had learned a lesson! character vs. nature conflict in this passage? For Part : A is Selfishness is not rewarded! . Donkey struggles, then stops. The horse carried Bheema to the market and back, occasionally. Harry: Daisy, can you work on it while I eat?. The animal's characters clearly depict the human nature. Indeed the load is really very heavy. The Elephants and the Mice is a fun and fabulous Indian fable about kindness. Neigh!. The animal to the horse is a donkey they say that a horse is really a donkey in disguise. N1: Washerman tosses the dirty clothes onto the back of his donkey. N1: Back at the kitchen table, Grandpa turns to Daisy and Harry. Mules benefit from 'hybrid vigor'. What Is The Moral Of The Horse And The Loaded Donkey? The Horse and the Donkey is one of a number of ancient animal fables that illustrate the importance of helping others and the consequences of neglecting that duty. Songbird: It feels good to share work. N2: He inches ahead slowly. Everything has been fine, everyone is . They might come up with examples from school, home, or in the community. True happiness comes from appreciating what we already have. A saddle was placed upon the horse, and a heavy pack of goods was loaded upon the donkey. OK, project done!. But the dampened cotton became very heavy to carry and the donkey suffered. N1: But one day, a big storm comes. Songbird (sweetly): Poor Donkey, you have so much work to do. Why should I? Horses have bigger hooves than donkeys. ~ Spanish Proverb The horses of hope gallop, but the asses of experience go slowly. - Mules are the sterile offspring of horses and donkeys that, if domesticated, may be ridden and outfitted with chests for transportation. What are male and female donkeys called? the incumbent duty of all men of enlightened understanding, and of every man that has any claim or affinity to the name of Christian, that the base treatment which the African Slaves undergo, ought to be abolished. Harry (sitting up): Whats it about again? I fear my lord the king, who assigned your food N2: Washerman puts all of the clothes and stuffed animals onto Donkeys back., Donkey: Hee-haw! Feb 26, 2019 at 2:00 pm. So, its true that one who does not help his friend in need has to himself face problems in the long run. Answerin a well-organized paragraph. Now, the horse and the donkey are best of friends and also, they share their work. Eventually, the donkey fell down exhausted by the heavy load. The solution to the Horse and donkey hybrid crossword clue should be: MULE (4 letters) Below, you'll find any key word(s) defined that may help you understand the clue or the answer better. What is the moral of the horse and the donkey? Songbird: So now you see how hard it is to do all the work by yourself!, Horse: I sure do. One day, the washerman had loaded his donkey with theheavy bundle of clean clothes, while the horse carried nothing. After getting some rest, they started walking towards the river again. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, What is the theme for the horse and the loaded donkey. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . When well, he never complained of his hard lot, but this morning he staggered under the weight of his load. As you read,try to identify the moral, or lesson, of the play. For writing any of the story forms, novels or articles, there is always a requirement for an idea on which the whole text is based or the whole story of the article revolves around. He had a horse and a donkey. Grandpa: Whos ready for a snack break? The TTS lapped Thunderhill Raceway Park in 2012, and an autonomous RS7 hit 150 mph on the Hockenheimring F1 track in October. The horse was carrying nothing. The moral of a story is supposed to teach you how to be a better person. In this poem, the poet Walt Whitman admires animals for being better than human beings. .. He washed people's clothes for money. A loaded mule on high Atlas mountain. The narrator says that if he had a donkey and it refused to move, he would never hit him. Brian Anders and Harford County Sheriff's Office Senior Deputy Melissa Woods stand with Pedro, the almost 2-year-old miniature donkey who caused quite a commotion . This is a story about what happened to the horse because he didn't want to help donkey. Cluck! Four months ago we put them all together. Once upon a time there was a laundress. Striving Readers, Multilingual Learners, Advanced Readers, Set a Purpose for Reading/Preview Text Features. Ask them to describe the illustrations and predict what the play will be about. Ask students to write a response to the Think and Write prompt on page 29. Search. The Wooden Horse, chevalet, or Spanish Donkey was an extremely painful and horrific medieval torture device. Think about the events in the play. The load was too much for the donkey to carry. Horse: Neigh! Donkey-Skin and her sisters choose their rags, dirt, and animal skins as disguisessometimes hated disguises, but disguises. The first and last scenes occur in the present. Their ears aren't as large, but they are forward-facing, and unlike the donkey, the horse mane is long and flowing. . Now I will have to carry the entire load to the river. Donkey (shrugging): I carry the laundry, and Horse carries Washerman.. Songbird: But Washerman is not as heavy as the laundry. Humph!" What is the main concept of the poem the donkey? So, we've rounded up 11 of the mightiest-looking donkeys around. It is the easiest way to transmit an important message to children. Why did the horse reply rudely to the donkey? He had saved himself from being eaten by a wolf. Expand. Home Horse What Is The Moral Of The Horse And The Loaded Donkey? This is one of the amazing animal stories for kids with morals. Ask your students to think of other times when teamwork is important. What prediction should a reader make based on the In this case, the Read more. The load was too much for the donkey to carry. . Ill take half the laundry. Since horses and donkeys are both part of . MORAL: ALWAYS BE FRIENDLY TO OTHERS AND HELP THEM IN THEIR NEED. The Aramaic collection of wise sayings by Ahiqar, dating from 500 BCE, mentions that "An ass which leaves its load and does not carry it shall take a load from its companion and take the burden which is not its [own with its own] and shall be made to bear a camel's load". This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Child: Even my stuffed animals are muddy! Happiness comes when you are content with life as it is. Hee-haw! George Orwell, Animal Farm. Daisy: It sure was nice of Donkey to offer to help Horse . The poem The Donkey talks about a small boy who is the narrator of the poem and his empathy for a donkey. There are references to the fable in two other texts six centuries apart. Villager: Here, sir. Once a man was taking his donkey and the horse to the market. He kicked the poor wolf so hard that the wolf fell down and couldnt get up onto his feet again. In contrast to Grecian works, donkeys were portrayed in Biblical works as symbols of service, suffering, peace and humility. Villager: We have so many wet and dirty clothes. Humph! The horse always had plenty to eat and was well groomed, but the donkey was very poorly cared for. After a while, he decided to ask the horse for help. . Then, in 1823, Clement C. Moore wrote his famous poem, "Twas the Night Before Christmas.". now Prancer and Vixen! Grandpa: Harry, come on, work with your friend.. The donkey carried clothes to the pond and back to his house. A Theme shared by "The Story of Baba Abdalla" and "The Stone". Poor Donkey had too much work to do by himself.. What is the story about the donkey in the well? N1: Together, Horse and Donkey carry the laundry to the river. He would use the donkey to carry the load of clothes from the village to the river and back, whereas he would use the horse for himself to go wherever he wanted. The donkey tried to move. The theme of a short story " The horse and the loaded donkey" is you get nothing from being selfish. [2] The historian Plutarch has a version with an ox and a camel feature where "as the ox said to his fellow-servant the camel, when he refused to ease him of his burthen, It won't be long before you carry my burthen and me too: which fell out to be true, when the ox died".[3]. All Rights Reserved. Bedtimeshortstories.com presents to you an amazing collection of bedtime stories, moral stories for kids, fairy tales, funny stories and more. Donkeys are also referred to as asses or burros. N1: Harrys grandpa walks into the kitchen. Even though donkeys are pretty small, they are very strong! Hence, Option A is correct. Cluck! The horse is much less stubborn than the donkey, so you . "Every single person is a fool, insane, a failure, or a bad person to at least . Its natural for us to try to win the approval of others, whether it means pursuing a respectable career, following our peers, or acting in certain ways. A mule is an offspring of a horse and donkey. What is the theme of the horse and a loaded donkey? Thomas Bewick (The Horse and The Ass) The Horse, adorned with his great war-saddle, and champing his foaming bridle, came thundering along the high-way, and made the mountains echo with his neighing. 1-3 donkeys spawn in plains and only 1 in savannas. The Horse and the Donkey is one of a number of ancient animal fables that illustrate the importance of helping others and the consequences of neglecting that duty. on, Donner . Long, long ago, there lived, This is a greataesop fables story, "Hawk And The Nightingale". Songbird: Horse, Donkey needs your help.. What is the moral of the story the reward of the wolf? I carry people not laundry., Donkey: But Washerman is not riding you now.. They can enjoy reading it as it is all about the animals, wonderful and cute creatures. Always be friendly to others and help them in their time of need. An example of a Universal Theme. It has, in fact, become identical with fables. Versions of the fable [ edit] The fable illustrated on an 1830s pottery platter ence from the text to support your claim. He gave water to the donkey and transferred the entire load onto the horse's back. Harry: Quack! Because of their ability to read human facial expressions and to provide an instant reaction, horses are great teachers of self-awareness. Please take some of this load on your back. Check out our donkey baby theme selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Its attributed to an ancient Greek storyteller named Aesop. After going a short distance, he looked up at the proud horse . Harry: Lets work together. Washerman: Dont stop now. the horse and the loaded donkey theme . It rains for days and days., N2: Washerman isnt able to come pick up laundry for weeks.. What is the theme of the horse and a loaded donkey? Nevertheless, they remain as only Aesop tales. Another major difference between the two animals is their speed. Point out the words sitting up in column 1 on page 25. A saddle was placed upon the horse, and a heavy pack of goods was loaded upon the donkey. Horse and donkey have lived in one place, but they had different roles in the household. Otherwise known as the wooden horse or chevalet, it was a torture device utilized by Jesuits, Civil War soldiers, and even Paul Revere himself. N2: But he falls and lands in the mud with all the clothes on top of him. Like. I should have taken half the load when the donkey requested me. A little wisdom can do miracles. O promises should never be broken mark brainliest :) Horses are quite a bit larger than donkeys and can often weigh considerably more. He lifts one hoof just a bit and then the other. Donkey, thanks for helping me.. Child (shyly): Oh, sir, sorry about all the grass stains. What is the main theme of the story The Selfish? If your horse is agitated, chances are you are too. The horse carried the heavy load of clothes for the remaining distance. He took the horse along to give it a drink of water. The Rody character, now loved by children across the world, was created in 1984 by the Italian company, Ledraplastic 'Gymnic'. The Horse and the Donkey is one of a number of ancient animal fables that illustrate the importance of helping others and the consequences of neglecting that duty. What contributed to the sinking morale of the U.S. troops? He washed peoples clothes for money. The play has five scenes. Once upon a time, there, This is one of the best stories from One Thousand And One Nights. N2: Donkey and Horse make many trips collecting laundry. , be completely forgotten But, after some time the donkey got too tired that he collapsed on the ground. Mules are not allowed to mate with other mules. What does the poet in the poem the donkey? So the Man ordered his Boy to get off, and got on himself. Villager: So we pay Washerman to do it for us. The donkey was a very patient animal. Donkeys are also different from horses because they . At the end of ten days they looked better and healthier. Aesop fables form a part of life of everyone as these are the short stories about animals portraying human behaviors. Recent Posts. Washerman (smiling): Dont worry. N2: They continue on their way. I cant!. The donkey felt better now.The washer man then picked up the bundle of clothes off the back of the donkey and placed it on the horses back. In line 5, the hyperbole in the speaker's call to "Shake hands forever, cancel all our vows" suggests that - A long time ago,, This is an excellentshort story with moral lesson for kids, The Loyal Mongoose. One day, the washerman loaded his donkey with heavy bundles of clothes, while the horse carried nothing. by Israel January 28, 2018 Read. Donkeys also spawn in meadows. Looking for good short stories for kids? Then he gave some water to the donkey. John Waynes Monument Valley Horseback Ride, Wyatt Earps Vendetta Ride Tombstone Arizona Territory. The moral of a story is the lesson that story teaches about how to behave in the world. ~ Mongolian Proverbs The world famous Rody horse is the best hop-on animal in the market. They instantly detected the intruder, stripped him of his borrowed . By relinquishing our own burdens, we can praise and worship God freely. Rewrite the following sentences correctly, adding semicolons where they are needed.\ Fables are in fact the best way to communicate with children. Choose the correct form from the pronouns in parentheses. is quite interesting to all the people. I wasnt being fair. Here, we are presenting "THE HORSE AND THE DONKEY - English Bedtime Story || Animated Storytelling - Kids Time" by KIDS HUT.-----. Youre better at working than I am anyway. The pictures of the animals in the book make the children to enjoy reading it. So, he decided to ask for help from the horse. It didnt play the trick anymore after that day, and the seller was happy. N1: Washerman piles all the laundry onto Horses back. A man once owned a beautiful black horse and a very ugly donkey. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. For Part B : Among all the given evidence, the one which gives the best support to the answer of Part A is "The Horse was ill-natured and refused to do it; upon which the poor Donkey tumbled down in the midst of the highway, and expired." The donkey kept walking for a long while. Most domesticated horses in the world today are used to ride and to do farm or ranch work. Horses are meant for riding and you donkeys are meant for carrying heavy loads replied the horse. N2: before washing machines and dryers. The day was getting hotter as the day went on. We horses are meant for riding and you donkeys are meant for carrying heavy loads. You may also read,The Foolish Donkey. for part B hope it helps ;D! Answer from: Quest. The males have been housed in a pasture together for about a year, with the females together across the street. Daniel determined that he would not defile himself with the kings food. He had a horse and a donkey. Build fluency and boost confidence with unison reading. More often, priests and public speakers use the fables to spread their message to populace. I don't want to help. We havent even started yet! If moral is used as an adjective, it means good, or ethical. What is your opinion of the changes that Dee has undergone? This is your project too. In Cinderella and its variants, the danger usually comes from other . But soon they passed a group of men, one of whom said: "See that lazy youngster, he lets his father walk while he rides.". Bring me your laundryits Washing Day! Based on one of Aesops fables, the play illustrates the importance of sharing work and helping out. He kicked the poor wolf so hard that the wolf fell down and couldn't . 41. elizabethbrown704 Elizabeth Brown. N2: They pounded the clothes clean using rocks and soap. Donkeys are smaller than horses, standing several inches to several feet shorter than them and weighing about half as much as a horse. Once upon a time, there lived a washerman. Horse and donkey have lived in one place, but they had different roles in the household. Tell students that this play is based on a fable written long ago. . How are they different? He had a horse and a donkey. 1. "The horse replied some what rudely, Eh! One sunny afternoon a hawk set, This is one of the best stories from Panchatantra for kids. . Remind students that the stage directions tell a reader or actor how to say a line or perform an action in the play. 2. Horses know exactly how you are feeling and, more importantly, mirror it back. The short storyThe Selfish Giant, is a Christian story Its main message is that selfishness does not pay off, as it can lead to misery. The Spanish donkey might sound like an overpriced cocktail, but the pain it delivered was far worse than a hangover. "He would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies.". Keep Reading! In Ademar's story the two animals are yoked together but the ass refuses to pull its weight; after the ox dies of the strain, the ass is forced to continue pulling and also dies. Fun fact: "Burrito" means "little donkey" and was probably coined because of the similarities between a stuffed taco and a stuffed pack on the back of a donkey. Read more, Known in the industry as fake tails, these pieces, just like the best hairpieces for humans, are made from real hair and braided into existing locks to add length and volume. Songbird: Horse, Donkey needs your help. Look at page 24 with the class. In the former the overburdened donkey asks its companion for help in carrying its load and dies when this is refused; the other is then forced to carry not only the original load but the dead animal's skin as well. Have students read a different read-aloud play, based on another of Aesops fables, from our October/November 2021 issue. Answer: The Horse was ill-natured and refused to do it; upon which the poor Donkey tumbled down in the midst of the highway, and expired. Donkeys are about 4 feet tall, which is about as tall as an 8 or 9 year old child. On the middle of the way the donkey said to the horse, "Please share my load, it is too heavy.". Access this article and hundreds more like it with a subscription to Storyworks 3 magazine. The theme is where can selfish lead us to because you will never know when you need help from others. Daisy: Thanks for saying youre sorry. On, Comet! As they started to walk the horse realized his mistake and thought to himself This is so heavy. horse and donkey breeding 33.7M views Discover short videos related to horse and donkey breeding on TikTok. They combine characteristics of both parents: large body shapes and smooth coats similar to a horse, with donkey-like long ears, small sturdy hooves, short manes and thick heads. The dog lost the bone because of his greediness and had to go back home hungry. Which of the following sentences includes direct characterization for Daniel? The first one is about myth. on, Cupid! I should have helped the donkey when he requested me and shared half of the load. The topic of a informative text or essay. Where Is CinderellaS Horse On The Carousel? I was making a pie for my family. Aesop fables form a part of life of everyone as these are the short stories about animals portraying human behaviors. You now have the ability to preview what students will see when they log in to read any article. In one to two sentences, explain why an author uses evidence in an informational text. Where Was The Horse Race In The Quiet Man Filmed? What To Put On Fences To Stop Horses From Chewing? In this play, Harry and Horse both learn an important lesson about working as a team. This is one of the amazing animal stories for kids with morals. Horse (laughing): Nah. It was first used by the Holy Inquisition in France and then in Spain and Germany, and then it migrated to the Americas, gaining prominence there during the colonial period . Daisy: What? Harry: Sorry I wasnt willing to help earlier, Daisy. When they were halfway through to the river, the donkey got very tired. After some time, he decided to ask for help from the horse. Finally, he decided the animal was old, and the well needed to be covered up anyway, so it just wasnt worth it to retrieve the donkey. On this vintage Christmas card, two reindeer are enough. Helping others often brings more happiness than helping yourself. He just could not. There after both the donkey and the horse lived together. One day, the washerman loaded his donkey with heavy bundles of clothes, while the horse carried nothing. Mama does not like many of the ways that Dee has changed since leaving home. One day a farmers donkey fell down into a well that the farmer had accidentally left uncovered. MORAL: WE SHOULD NOT BE GREEDY. He would use the donkey to carry a load of clothes from the village to the river and back. What does a. animal stories for kids Image Source> @www.youtube.com. Explain. Sticky Storytelling & Why It Matters for Learning; Nov. 15, 2022 The donkey was carrying a heavy load of clothes. It can inspire children with its brave, fanciful and brilliant animal characters. Donkey (panting): I . Life is going to shovel dirt on you, all kinds of dirt. Moral of the Donkey and the Horse Short Story for Kids We should always be friendly to others and help them in need. Adult donkeys are 1.4 blocks wide and long, and 1.6 blocks high. Mules are the offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare). Theyre alike because they both have four hooves. Cugoano has a much more authoritative tone than Sancho, who is respectful to Sterne. TM & 2021 Scholastic Inc. All Rights Reserved. . When the pain became unbearable the donkey said to the horse, "This load is too . 86 likes. as an individual do you believe it is truly your duty or not a duty as an American citizen. So he asked permission from the chief eunuch. Now, I will have to carry the entire load to the market! The horse carried the load for the rest of the distance. Here is a visual depiction of one of the awesome animal stories for kids,The Horse And The Donkey Story. Donkey: Hee-haw! N1: He tries to take one more step. Umf! Looking for another read-aloud play based on a fable? While historians think that a real King Arthur existed, (they, them) know little about him. Donkey and Horse Mating | Animalsworld - YouTube 0:00 / 0:51 Sign in to confirm your age This video may be inappropriate for some users. Published by Henry Stone on November 28, 2022. Thus, Option A is correct in both Parts A and B. A Tale of Two Donkeys - The Horse A Tale of Two Donkeys By Erica Larson One supports an impoverished family and fends for himself; the other lives large, with an overabundance of feed and. and drink." Male donkeys are called jacks. . The fables were existing and well known even before Aesop. The poor donkey collapsed to the ground. Then, the washerman realized his mistake. Will Harry learn a lesson from this classic fable?. It tells about the stories of supreme powers, gods and goddesses. Foals start at half the size of adults and in Bedrock . They drove him very slowly, for they thought they would have a better chance to sell him if they kept him in good condition. Such an idea is called a theme. The load on the donkey was very heavy. All he had was a donkey and a horse. Donkey (huffing): Yes! In the final stanza, the donkeys tone transforms from the dark and depressing nihilistic one of the first three stanzas to an uplifting and prideful one. Spawning Unlike horses, mules can not reproduce naturally; nevertheless, they can be produced by crossing an ahorse with a donkey.

Does Mohair Stretch When Blocking, Goat Lucy Sellouts, Request For Surrogate's Court Action Proceeding Relief Nassau County, How To Install A Chain Hoist In Your Garage, Is Lenny Skutnik Still Alive, Decades Channel On Directv, What Is Saint Faustina Known For, El Komander Wife, Wow Classic Server Population Oceanic, Colin Calderwood Wife, Supriya Dwivedi Husband Anoop,

the horse and the loaded donkey theme