Kyrenia II: Building a replica of an ancient Greek merchantman. Katzev, Susan Womer. Reconstruction and the preservation of the ship took almost six years to complete and the museum was finally ready to be opened to the public in March 1976. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Kyrenia ship. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. Once he had pinpointed its location he notified the relevant authorities and Michael Katzev from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology was called in to lead the salvage recovery of the ship. The King's Manor, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK, Harpster, M. (2019). Report of preliminary underwater investigations at Salamis, Cyprus. Philadelphia, PA 19104 As much as 50% of the original wood remained. The sinking of the Kyrenia could have been caused by many factors, but evidence suggests that piracy and old age contributed to the ships fate. The latest theory as to why the ship sunk is that it may have been attacked by pirates. During the previous summer we had cleared more than 300 amphoras from the upper levels, had come upon a cargo of stone grain mills beneath them, and excavateda small trench to expose a tantalizing look at the ships hull. The freight found on board originates from Rhodes, Kos and Samos. Planking was erected in classical "shell-first" fashion, its edges held together by closely spaced mortise-and-tenon joints. These cookies do not store any personal information. Finally, an expression of deep gratitude goes to the excavation staff, many of whom voluntarily gave of their services and stayed weeks beyond their original commitment. 27 stones for hopper-type grain mills had been stacked in three rows along the axis of the ship to serve as ballast. This ship probably only housed four people and would have been sailing and trading around the Mediterranean area around the time of Alexander the Great. The Kyrenians, just like all other Cypriots, would gain their freedom even after centuries of slavery by not losing their faith in God and their will. Period. However, most believe that the ship sank after its cargo was dsplaced during a sea storm. This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 08:19. Technical specifications, tonnages and management details are derived from VesselFinder database. the ship could have been nearly 300 years old when she sunk. Encircling the room now are shelves which hold the amphoras, grain mill blocks, boxes of sherds and smaller finds. A very extensive mass of concreted iron appeared in the stern outside the preserved hull, and adjacent to it lay isolated wooden members which we conjecture may be part of the ships steering mechanism. Approximately one-third aft the bow, the intricately carved mast step was located. Department of Archaeology and the History of Art, Ko University, Istanbul, Turkey, You can also search for this author in ), traces of food supplies (lentils, figs, grapes and olives), an iron key with eight side notches and an iron grill which was either used for cooking or drying the fish or other type of food under the sun. A break in the ships keel had been fixed, and the hull was protected with pitch and a skin of lead sheathing, added towards the end of her life.At the time the ship sank, more than 400 wine amphorae, mostly made in Rhodes, constituted its main cargo. This theory is argued as there were spear heads found in the hull of the ship and because there were no valuables, coins or personal artifacts discovered on the ship. 1974. There are only the storms which sweep in without warning against this unprotected coast. Borne by the prevailing winds, she would have turned eastward in search of a market for her Rhodian wine. Scattered throughout the stern area were over 100 flat lead rings which probably served in guiding the brail lines used to reef the ships sail. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The Penn Museum respectfully acknowledges that it is situated on Lenapehoking, the ancestral and spiritual homeland of the Unami Lenape. Steffy working on the site plan (Photo: Susan Katzev). The challenge of building a seagoing hull capable of many years of service was, as the Kyrenia Ship demonstrates, ably answered by her designers. Mediterranean Community Past, Present, Future. Here the outer planking is in two layers joined with thick wooden dowels. At the stone quarry, probably on the island of Kos, masons carved letters of identification on the sides of these stones. Crossref reports no articles citing this article. Anonymous. 215.898.4000. Although the coins are badly corroded, at least two can be read. The Kyrenia Ship is the earliest example of lead sheathing ever being used on a ship. The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and currently sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands . Katzev, M. 1974. Where is the current position of W KYRENIA presently? ABOVE: Amphora mound prior to excavation(Photo: INA). Penn Museum, 1970 Web. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The Kyrenia Ship was excavated in the late 1960s and dates to the 3rd Century BC. represents the hope of return of all Kyrenians as well as all refugees in Cyprus Cyprus/Kyrenia Mountains and North Coast. Ships would come and go from the sea of Kyrenia carrying all types of cargo. the ship, carrying 29 mill stones, 380 amphorae and a load of 10000 almonds and other products, as well as a four-member crew, sailed from the port of Kyrenia heading towards its next destination. Michael Katzev of the American The archaeology, led by the late Michael Katzev and now being completed by Susan Katzev, showed that sometime around 306 B.C., the ship, with a four-person crew from Rhodes, was overcome and sank in what seems to have been a pirate attack that left eight iron spear points embedded in the hull. No one can really say for sure but finding the ship has added an immense amount of knowledge to scholars and tells us more about shipbuilding from this ancient era. 6), Nara, the old Japanese capital, for the Silk Road Exhibition, Seville for the World Fair, Hamburg for its 700 years commemoration and ten different Greek towns. The results are being readied now for educational use, and will stand as a permanent record of the project. Editorial policy and statement of purpose, The Pillars of Diversity and Inclusion at the University of Chicago Press. 163173. The Kyrenia ship, so named when it was discovered in 1964 largely intact one mile north of the northern Cypriot town of Kyrenia, is the best preserved small Greek merchant ship ever found. The tracing of her voyage is yet unfinished; her home port remains unnamed. This was achieved at the Manolis Psaros boatyard in Piraeus Greece . Kyrenia II is often used as a floating ambassador of Cypriot culture, and has visited many parts of the world. In 1986, it visited New York City; in 1988, Japan; and in 1989, West Germany . The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294-291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Michael Its star attraction, the Kyrenia shipwreck, is a 4th century B.C Greek merchant ship and is the oldest example of a Greek ship to be discovered. Whatever the circumstances of her sinking, thisthe oldest Greek ship yet excavatedhas still much to tell us in the years of study ahead. The choice was now before us whether to rebury the wood for the winter (as previously planned) or toraise it in the remaining weeks of calm weather. L. Katzev, .Michael"Kyrenia" Expedition Magazine 12.4 (1970): n. pag. - 166.62.80.165. The ancient ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas. Penn Museum 2023 Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help / Contact / Copyright / Disclaimer / Privacy /, Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help. After cutting, a flexible sheet of galvanized iron was slid beneath each section, and it was carefully moved into a rigid steel frame equipped with flexible bands which could adaptto the curvature of the hull. In the winter of 1967 a Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean It was found one mile off the north coast of Kyrenia in November 1965 by a local diver and instructor named Andreas Cariolou. hope and freedom and took part in a number of events all over the world. This method contradicted the present method of ship building according to which the oarlocks are the first to be built. before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Nave di Kyrenia; pave de Kyrnia; Kireniako itsasontzia; ; Schiff von Kyrenia; Barco de Kyrenia; ; Girne bat; Kyreniaskeppet; ; Schip van Kyrenia; ; Kyrenialainen laiva; Kyrenia ship; Barco de Kyrenia; ; Kyrenijska ladja; schip; antikes Schiff im Levantischen Meer; antiikin aikainen laivan hylky; Bateau de Kyrenia; pave de Kyrenia, Girne Kyrenia Castle Shipwreck Museum 01.jpg, Girne Kyrenia Castle Shipwreck Museum 02.jpg, Kyrenia Olkas, 4th century BC (model).jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswarck Museum - Amphore 1.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Amphore 2.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Amphore 3.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Rekonstruktion Modell.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Schiffsgeschirr 1.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 1.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 2.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 3.jpg, Kyrenia Schiffswrackmuseum - Takelage 4.jpg, Kyrenia shipwreck, Kyrenia Castle, Kyrenia, Northen Cyprus.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Kyrenia_shipwreck&oldid=713625386, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The ship was in use by merchants for 1525 years. Knowing that the ship was old, archaeologists could use the repairs on the Kyrenia to better understand classical carpentry. The hull's age increased the need for the defense against water loss, so any repairs would give very specific evidence to the problems facing ancient ships. The accomplishments of the 1969 expedition are the direct product of its spirited crew. The ship is a really well preserved example of its type with 75% of it still intact. There is no evidence of fire or piracy. Now, twenty-two centuries later, she will serve us as a monument unique in the history of seafaring. REF4235, Connecting the timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. Found on board was nearly 400 amphorae for storing wine, grain mill stones for producing grain, almonds, lead weights for fishing and one coin. and wooden spoons. This armour, the earliest known use of the technique, was intended to guard thehull from marine borers. REF4236, Diver inspecting the site (Photo: Susan Katzev). Katzev oversaw the research of the collection well until his death in 2001; his wife, Susan Katzev, has been leading those efforts since. Four wooden spoons, four oil jugs, four salt dishes and four drinking cups recovered in the shipwreck suggest that her crew on her last voyage consisted of four seamen. The study of this vessel, the only well preserved fourth century B. C. ship, clearly establishes the methodology involved in the fabrication of these complex wooden structures. REF4249, Steffy recording a timber (Photo: Susan Katzev). This concretion, which weighed approximately 1,400 pounds, was raised to the surface and will undergo restoration in the summer of 1970. Katzev, M. 1975. An underwater archaeological survey of Cape Andreas, Cyprus, 196970: A preliminary report. Cariolou stumbled upon the shipwreck while diving for sponges after a storm. Parts of four wooden spoons and a lathe-turned wooden bowl in fragmentary condition complete the dining utensils. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 3: 156165. Incidentally, this last was generously suggested by the Antiquities Department of Cyprus but gratefully declined by the expedition. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. The average speed varied from 2 to 6 knots. Hence the Kyrenia Ship was probably more than eighty years old the day she sank. The ancient Greeks passed the Greek culture and civilization down to the entire world. Adding weight to this supposition are three new oil jugs (gutti), combining with the single example from 1968 to total four, and four small echinus bowls or salt dishes. Green, J. Springer, Cham. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th century BC Greek merchant ship. The more than 9,000 almonds recovered in this way suggest that the nuts were mainly being transported aboard theexcavated collection of milling stones of the hopper design. 564 views Nov 5, 2014 model of the replica ship that was constructed The Kyrenia ship, constructed, in about 389 BC, of Samos Aleppo pine is a good example of this. Required fields are marked *. Main ship particulars are length of 300 m and beam of 43 m. Maps below show the following voyage data - Present Location, NExt port, Estimated (ETA) and Prediced Time of National Geographic Society Research Reports 13, pp. Ever since, "Kyrenia II has become the symbol of Oxford University Press, 2007. This represented a considerable increase over the 1968 campaign. Katzev, M. 1981. The Kyrenia shipwreck (Kbrs gemisi) museum is located inside Kyrenia Castle. P. Valvanis, C. Petrakos, and A. Delivorrias, 286299. In addition, the fact that the spikes of spears were found stuck at the lower external part of vessels hull created the suspicion that it had sunk due to a pirate attack. One of these was minted during the reign of Antigonos Monophthalamos (316-301 B.C. We were fortunate that more than 50% of the staff were members returning from the previous summer. Part of Springer Nature. Expedition Magazine. Cape Andreas expedition, 1969. This manual technique was capable of both planar and depth measurements and yielded an accuracy comparable to the stereo method. It is now exhibited in the Ancient Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia Castle where it remains on exhibit.The sinking of the Kyrenia could have been caused by many factors, but evidence suggests that piracy and old age contributed to the ships fate. Cyprus Ports Authority: Nicosia. A curse tablet was also found on the wreckage. In around 288 B.C. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. Many were the companies, individuals, and government agencies on Cyprus who contributed their help to the project. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. from http://www.shipping.gov.cy/history/kyrenia_ii.htm. Thus, the log of our merchant vessel might have told us of a trading ship sailing southward along the Anatolian coast, threading her way through the Dodecanese islands. Due to the In Marine archaeology, ed. A commercial 15-metre long ship built in 389 B.C. Research shows that several fixes were made to the ship, including lead sheathing fixed to the outside of the ship to make it more water tight and a break in the ships keel which had also been mended. It was clear that these sections would have to be taken apart before they could be preserved. inaccessible to the people of Cyprus. In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. W KYRENIA current position and history of port calls are received by AIS. Kyrenia actually represents the first Greek ship where we see 100% pegged mortise and tenon construction - but it was built with a few recycled planks that show lacing holes. Paramount in our considerations was concern for the optimum conservation of the wood. However, he lost the position and it took him a further two hundred plus dives to find it again in 1967. What tragedy, then, sent their ship to the bottom here, less than a mile from the ancient anchorage at Kyrenia? plates, bowls, ladles, sieves, a copper cauldron, salt dishes, oil jugs, cups The University Museums Carbon-14 analysis of the almonds points to a date of 288 +/- 62 B. C.; yet the same dating method indicates that the trees used for the ships planking were cut in 389 44 B.C. 1989. General consensus is that the ship had been away trading and was returning to Kyrenia either because this was its home port or in order to carry on trading and may have sunk due to its age and being hit by a storm. Mr. Julian Whittlesey, designer of the system of stereo recording, returned to Kyrenia to consult in this work. As the balloon carried the load upwards, the diver followed, deflating the balloon gradually so that the frame would not rise too abruptly as it neared the surface. and is the oldest Greek vessel ever The excavation and recovery of the well-preserved remains of this late-fourth-century B.C. So, using seven air lifts of varying sizes, we began clearing a three-meter-wide trench around the area excavated the year before. Archaeological Context. Sailing with him were at least three other crew members, perhaps some of them with vested interests in the cargo. Having lost the exact position Cariolou carried out more than 200 dives until he re-discovered the wreck in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus. Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, pp. sand. used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The following 35 files are in this category, out of 35 total. The Kyrenia shipwreck was first discovered in 1965 by town councilman Andreas Cariolou. Country/Region. I. TROPIS, 163175. In We had observed a noticeable softening over the summer of those timbers which had been earliest exposed, and we were certain this softening would continue through a winter on the sea bottom. English: The Kyrenia ship. The ship itself was remarkably well preserved alongside elements of the rigging, sail, ballast and an anchor. REF4241, Steffy installing the timbers after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). Vessel W KYRENIA is a cargo ship sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands. Carbon 14 dating of the ships planking and also of its cargo suggests that the ship was about 80 years old when she sank. Greek merchant vessel off the coast of Cyprus has yielded substantial information on the construction of classical Greek boats, often seen depicted in paintings on ancient ceramics. However, it sank just three miles from the port. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1954 Press Photo Aerial view of the harbor at Kyrenia, Cyprus - pix27425 at the best online prices at eBay! The site extended about nineteen meters in length and ten meters wide. However, as with so many of the rather unique objects from the vessel, their function may be known only after further study. A commercial 15-metre long ship built in 389 B.C. The northern coasts of Cyprus were named the Coasts of the Achaeans and it was where Cepheus, Praxander and other Achaean compatriots of theirs founded Kyrenia, Lapithos and other housings in the northern part of Cyprus. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Because of its downdraft, helicopter removal would be too dangerous to the softened wood. Archaeological Context. Also, a sailing replica of the ship, launched in 1985 and christened Kyrenia II, was a successful application of experimental archaeology. Kryrenia reconstruction sailing in the Aegean sea. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The first phase of our 1969 diving season was excavation of the entire circumference of the wreck site. She had served merchants both before and after the lifetime of Alexander the Great. Several repairs have been recorded for this ship: replacement of a frame and several planks, installation of a bilge sump, relocation of the mast step, repair of a cracked keel, wood sheathing in the bow, and a layer of lead sheathing over the entire hull. They were reused from an earlier ship. REF4254, e-mail: info@nauticalarch.org phone: 979.845.6694. The vessel is en route to NINGBO OPL, sailing at a speed of 14.0 knots and expected to arrive there on Dec 23, 08:00 . Free shipping for this context the importance of the Kyrenia Ship is significant, as it is the Conservation of the Kyrenia Ship, 197071. The ship is approximately 47 feet in length and 15 feet wide. At the same time, almonds were being found outside amphoras, resting in masses within the hull. Italiano: Nave di Kyrenia. ), and the other struck in the reign of his son, Demetrios Poliorketes (306294). The wreck of the late fourth-century BC ship off the coast of Kyrenia, Cyprus, was found by Andreas Cariolou in 1965. boatyard in Athens, Greece. Please note that by using this site you are consenting to the use of cookies. Institute of Nautical Archaeology subsequently excavated it. Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition Mr. Harry Tzalas, with the Early Hellenistic. Covering the ship with silt would not be sufficient to arrest this totally nor to insure that marine life would not attack the wood anew. Get the details of the current Voyage of W KYRENIA including Position, Port Calls, Destination, ETA and Distance travelled - IMO 9211494, MMSI 538009126, Call Sign V7A4351 The hull was built in the "shell first" manner, quite the opposite of today's method. A diver would then attach a line from the barge and fill the lifting balloon. In cooperation with the National Geographic Society Mr. Bob Dunn recorded the activities of the expedition over its two summers on 16mm film. Cyprus underwater archaeological search, 1967. No matter how hard the Turkish invaders try to alter the historic truth regarding the origin of the wreck during the tours they organize, our captive ship will continue to constitute an undisputable testimony proving the timeless bonds between Kyrenia and Greece, as well as a symbol signifying the return of the Kyrenians to their beloved city and district. Pavos Valavanis and David Hardy. Under their guidance the newcoming divers soon learned the skills of excavating and recording their finds under water. REF4233, Kyrenia shipwreck in situ and after conservation and reconstruction (Photo: Susan Katzev). All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) Frames, made from naturally curved timber, were not fastened to the keel but were held to the planking by means of clenched copper nails. Raban, A. REF4232, Michael Katzev and J. Richard Steffy working on the lines drawing (Photo: Susan Katzev). It is important to note that, 75% of the ship, that measures 15 metres in The vessel itself was a Greek merchant ship and had a cargo of as many as 500 amphoras which belonged to ten different shape types. Flemming, N. 1974. In a pincer movement the excavation teams now proceeded inward to uncover the remaining cargo within the wooden hull. New York and London, 2005. Domestic pottery was also If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. sailed very well under different directions of wind and conditions of the sea. Between the preserved hull in the stern and the concretion lay a marble columnarpedestal, its context on shipboard yetan enigma. The reconstructed hull was 14 m in length and 4.2 m in beam. As years went by, the residents of the Achaean Coasts built villages, cities and their history with their own sweat and blood, while during turbulent times they had to help Digenes defeat Charon, they escorted Regaena to her castles and enjoyed the results of their achievements and labour among the scents of the lemon trees and the carob trees. the sea outside the town of Kyrenia, the trails of a unique relic of antiquity, Starting from its construction, apart from the type of wood (pine) and the date of its construction (389 B.C. The remaining hull was raised, conserved and reconstructed. All these bits of evidence suggest that the ship sailed southwards along the coast of Anatolia calling at Samos, Kos and Rhodes before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. The average speed varied from 2 to 6 knots. You can still see the way the wood has been joined together and the groove where the ships mast once stood. Copyright 1985 by the Archaeological Institute of America. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. At the bow the construction changes. to their homes following the barbaric invasion of Turkey in 1974. As the ship was battered by waves and wind, they would have lowered thesail, stowing it in the sternand probably also the mast, lowering it aft. Again some of the jars contained almonds. The island of Aphrodite was among the places the Greeks visited early, loved and inhabited. Prices and download plans . Kyrenia Castle. Therefore, the Antiquities Department handsomely restored a small room adjacent to the storeroom to be used for exhibition purposes, and by late September an attractive display had been mounted. The radio carbon date on the PubMedGoogle Scholar. 389 (44) BC. Sank, 288 (62) BC. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC ancient Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. The wreck of the Kyenia ship was discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name. Andreas Cariolou discoved the Kyrenia shipwreck in 1965. CrossRef Important new technical details are revealed, and fresh insights concerning the economics of classical trading ventures can be gleaned from the chronology established for hull maintenance and repairs. 1973. Yet, from the construction of her hull we are already learning a great deal about the skills and techniques which the Greeks applied to their civic and domestic wooden architecture. Cariolou, while diving for sponges, came upon a mound of 80 amphoras less than a mile from Kyrenia on the north coast of Cyprus. The Kyrenia ship was built in the early 4 th century B.C. Since the finds point to an interesting and rarely-illustrated aspect of Mediterranean history, it was felt that the public should not be denied some view of the material. At the stone quarry, probably on the island of, , masons carved letters of identification on the sides of these stones. Most of the amphoras were Rhodian in origin and date to the final third of the 4thcentury B.C. recovered in the bow area, possibly belonging to the crew, and consisting of The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294. size=2>291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of It has allowed archaeologists to learn much more about the form and handling abilities of these now-vanished ships. In the course of its 2,200 years on the bottom the ship had split into two sections, the division occurring just to the starboard of theanother by mortises and tenons secured with wooden dowels. After conservation and reassembly, the hull of the Kyrenia ship is now on display in the Kyrenia Crusader Castle on Cyprus. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, Diving Holidays: How to learn Scuba Diving, Useful Turkish words that will help you on your holiday. (c) Over the next 17 years from 1987 the ship was transported on the decks of large merchant vessels across oceans and seas. Having lost the exact position Cariolou carried out more than 200 dives until he re-discovered the wreck in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus.Michael Katzev, a graduate student at the University of In the kitchen area wooden utensils and spoons, small bottles of olive oil and glass bottles were found. REF4242, Reconstructing the hull (Photo: Susan Katzev). REF4240, Model in progress (Photo: Susan Katzev). Category:Kyrenia shipwreck. Early Hellenistic. Used for the crews meals were thirteen black-glazed echinusbowls, numerous flat plates again black-glazed, and a fourth drinking cup, indicative of the number of crewmen on the last voyage. It is now exhibited in the Ancient Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia Castle. In TROPIS II, ed. number of querns were found possibly being carried as ballast as well as bronze Her IMO number is 9211494 and MMSI number is 538009126. During the summer of 1969 the expedition to Kyrenia completed excavation of the Greek ship, accomplishing what had been projected as two seasons of diving in one expanded campaign of five months. " KYRENIA II ", Ship model by Chef Andros. During 1985 REF4246, Steffy holding a timber after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). The survey and excavation of the site was directed by A possible source for the volcanic grain mill blocks is the island of Kos. In Cyprus and the sea, ed. The wooden hull, built mostly of Samos Aleppo pine, measured 14.3 m long by 4.4 m beam. Many times the sea would also bring conquerors, but none of them would stay for long. It is clear that the vessel was built in the shell-first manner, that is: the outer planking was assembled first, while the ribs were later laid within it and fixed in position by copper spikes driven in from the outside and clenched over the inner rib face. Carbon 14 dating of the ships planking and also of its cargo suggests that the ship was about 80 years old when she sank. Kyrenia II is now retired from active sailing and is displayed as a permanent exhibit in the Thalassa museum, Ayia Napia, Cyprus. The ship's single sail had been taken down before she sank as the stern contained more than 100 lead rigging rings from a large square sail stowed there. ), we have managed to learn about the traditional method of ship construction of that time, which included the ancient carpenters first building the external part of the ship known as planking, before building the interior and the oarlocks which in turn constituted the ships structure. Sign in Sign up for FREE Prices and download plans Ive been following your website for a while now and finally got the We use cookies to operate this website, improve its usability and track visits. She proved her seaworthiness, with a remarkable ability to sail into the wind. Its star attraction, the Kyrenia shipwreck, is a 4th century B.C Greek merchant ship and is the oldest example of a Greek ship to be discovered. Discover the vessel's particulars, including capacity, machinery, photos and ownership. The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294-291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Michael Katzev. Ninety-six amphoras whole and fragmentary were excavated, bringing the ships total to 403 lifted in the two campaigns. In Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. A video of the divers recovering the shipwreck and its objects. Position & Voyage Data Track on Map Add Photo Add to fleet NINGBO OPL ETA: Dec 23, 08:00 Ningbo Anch., China ATA: Dec 23, 09:56 UTC Map position & Weather Newer position via Satellite 1970. Another part of the cargo comprised 9000 almonds in jars. Franais : L' pave de Kyrnia est un navire grec Just forward of the bow cabin area lay two concentrations of lead weights once attached to fishing nets. used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. Kyrenia II was exhibited at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, in New York (fig. The Kyrenian sea kept it tightly into its arms for more than two thousand years, until our compatriot late Andreas Kariolou discovered it opposite the coast of Chrysokava in 1965. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences. Nor did we know how far the ships small objects of wood or pottery had been thrown when the vessel jolted to its final resting place on the sea bottom. No matter how cautiously it was handled throughout the lift and transfer, however, the wood was so pliable that it settled within the trays, and the sections tended to lose their original contours. Fifty-four archaeologists, divers and other scientists worked for three years in order to raise, reassemble and finally display the ship at the Castle of Kyrenia, thus reviving its history and linking the era of Alexander the Great and ancient Cyprus with the present. The wreck was very well preserved with approximately 75% of the ship still in good condition. That she made some port on Cyprus is suggested by one of the bronze coins and perhaps also by the almonds, since Cypruswas a famous producer of almonds in antiquity. The discovery of the ancient shipwreck of Kyrenia, as well as the scientific studies which followed and still continue to be conducted, created an important opportunity for the ancient naval architecture and navigation to be studied. D. Blackman, 141179. In 1967, Cariolou contacted Michael and Susan Katzev and guided them to the wreck which sat 90 feet below the surface. The excavation of this site revealed a very well-preserved assemblage containing amphorae from Chios, Samos, and Rhodes, a collection of personal items suggesting the presence of a captain and a crew of three on board at the time of loss and the remains of approximately 6070% of the original hull. First the ribs were removed and turned on their sides into newrigid lifting trays designed to meet their greatest length. A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. Cyprus/Kyrenia Mountains and North Coast. An unexpected refinement aboard the Kyrenia merchantman is an inkwell found adhering to the concretion of iron in the stern. The remaining portion exposed after his departure in late August was then plotted with a system of pointing rods. 6), Nara, the old Japanese capital, for the Silk Road Exhibition, Seville for the World Fair, Hamburg for its 700 years commemoration and ten different Greek towns. Your email address will not be published. The hull was preserved extensively, including all of the keel, more than half of the stem, and 22 strakes of outer planking. In such a gale the sailors would have first thrown out anchors, hoping to ride out the sea. As the ships hull began to emerge, photogrammetrist Mr. Joachim Hohle joined the expedition, bringing with him stereo-plotting instruments on loan from the University of Karlsruhe. the Kyrenia ship wreckage were properly conserved and are now exhibited in the All rights reserved. The surviving internal structure included ceiling, cross-beams, and a mast step. Country/Region. For his program the Institute for Photogrammetry and Topography at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, generously lent its Zeiss Stereotop. Among the weights to the port side of the cabin were found a seal impression in lead depicting Athena Promachos and three bronze coins. Kyrenia Shipwreck Excavation. Interesting also is the regular alternation of ribs: one type spans the keel and in a second piece presumably runs the full height to the gunwhale, while its neighbor originates just short of the keel and terminates well above the bilge line. Cambridge Underwater Exploration Group, Salamis Survey 1974. and is the oldest Greek vessel ever discovered. This nearly two-thousand-year-old victim is the earliest physical evidence of piracy. Recovered also was a considerable spillage of pottery from the fore and aft cabin areas of the ship, which indicated that the vessel had indeed impacted on the bottom with considerable force. Diver recovering amphora at the shipwreck. Katzev, Susan Womer. Abstract. During 1985-6 she underwent sea trials and then undertook two experimental sea voyages from Piraeus to Cyprus and back in 1987. Katzev, Susan Womer. The vessel is en route to NINGBO OPL, sailing at a speed of 14.0 knots and expected to arrive there on Dec 23, 08:00. Two heavy wales girded the sides of the hull above the water-line. Twelve of the diving crew volunteered to stay on if we should decide on this latter course. It was found one mile off the north coast of Kyrenia in November 1965 by a local diver and For more information on cookies, please read our. Correspondence to Once inside the castle, the timbers were washed of any remaining mud, catalogued, and each rib was traced on drafting film to record precisely its original curvature for later reconstruction. assistance from professors Katzev and Steffy constructed an exact replica at a In combination with the staff photographer, Hale recorded and plotted to an accuracy of0.02 meters the wooden hull asit was uncovered. REF4248, Steffy reconstructing the hull (Photo: Susan Katzev). However, the collection was at serious risk of damage and a programme of conservation was required in order to preserve it. Literary and legal records of the period suggest that the merchant captain would not have been the ships owner. This we did, after intensive labeling to insure accurate reassemblage. The data is for informational purposes only and VesselFinder is not responsible for the accuracy and reliability of W KYRENIA data. Fax: 22818228 information about the methods used by our ancestors in ancient shipbuilding. Katzev, S. 2007. Published 5 years ago Cars & vehicles 3D Models Cultural heritage & Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Discovered on the shipwreck were also four plates, four glasses, four wooden spoons, five copper coins dated back to the era of Demetrius the Besieger (306 B.C. In early summer the expedition storeroom at the castle was made ready for use by our conservator. REF4251, Timbers coming out of PEG treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). Despite carrying 380 amphorae which were basically of Rodhian type, in the end smaller numbers of seven types of vessels which served both the commercial activities of the ship, as well as the personal needs of the four-member crew, were raised. How many years did our ship sail before her destruction? The heritage of ancient harbour engineering in Cyprus, the Levant. With the original packing of mud removed, increasing amounts of oxygen were reaching the ancient hull. Once the ship had been completely cleared of its contents, it was seen to be remarkably intact. A break in the ships keel had been fixed, and the hull was protected with pitch and a skin of lead sheathing, added towards the end of her life. The wreck was very well preserved with approximately 75% of the ship still in good condition. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. The wreck of the late fourth-century BC ship off the coast of Kyrenia, Cyprus, was found by Andreas Cariolou in 1965. Turkish invasion this magnificent testimony of ancient shipbuilding is presently After conservation and reassembly, the hull of the Kyrenia ship is now on display in the Kyrenia Crusader Castle on Cyprus. The Kyrenia ship was built in the early 4 th century B.C. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) Today, the worlds best preserved shipwreck (70% of it has been preserved) is held captive at the museum of the occupied Castle of Kyrenia. Moreover, it has been proven that approximately eight years after its construction the ship underwent repairs, possibly two or even three times. REF4237, Kyrenia hull insitu (Photo: Susan Katzev). Dispensing with the need for rowing stations enabled a much more beamy design of boat to evolve. Your email address will not be published. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology pp 15Cite as, 3 The Cyprus Mines Corporation continued to provide considerable on-site technical assistance, loan of equipment, and medical services. Stereo-mapping continued throughout the excavation for recording the find positions of the remaining amphoras, grain mill blocks, and smaller cabin objects. Just wanted to tell you keep up the fantastic work! Matthew Harpster . It was built by joining its outer planks first using copper spikes and then building its internal struts which is the opposite way to the way modern ships are constructed. currently sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands. Harpster, M. 2015. The president of the Hellenic The coins lost amid the fishing nets tell us that the vessel could not have sunk earlier than 306 B.C. The entire outer surface of the preserved hull was found sheathed with lead affixed by regular rows of copper tacks. Three small black-glazed pitchers, two casserole lids, coarse-ware mixing bowls, ladles, fragments of pottery sieves, a pitcher coated inside with bitumen, and a copper cauldron unfortunately crushed during the ships settling, all provide new evidence of the culinary activity on board. Conservation of the raised artifacts took place between 1969 and 1974. The University Museums excavation of the wreck spanned two summers from 1968 to 1969 and recovered cargo, dining wares, tools, ships rigging, and even four bone eyelets from a sailors sandals. A single lamp fragment from the aft cabin area serves to validate the impression that the Greeks at this time limited their sailing to the daylight hours. The ship was quite old when it was sunk, possibly as much as 80 years old. Greek-Cypriot diver, Andreas Kariolou, accidentally discovered, in the depths of REF4234, Celebrating after the hull's reconstruction (Photo: Susan Katzev). Among the cargo recovered were American Journal of Archaeology 89: 71101. The Kyrenia II sailed very well under different directions of wind and conditions of the sea. at China Coast reported 23 days ago by AIS. No combination of lifting equipment could be found on the island to manage transfer of a ten-ton load from quayside up over the eighty-foot castle wall. our wooden spoons, four oil jugs, four salt dishes and four drinking cups recovered in the shipwreck suggest that her crew on her last voyage consisted of four seamen. 24 The construction of the Kyrenia II was most helpful in understanding the shell-first method and other structural details4, while the over 2000 nautical miles covered in sea trials and 18 Jan 2023 , 3260 South Street As a unique, handmade object approximately 14 m long built over two millennia ago, this wooden hull is exceptional, and it and its replicas have become emblematic of seafaring in the Mediterranean Sea during the Hellenistic era. Period. Worktables and sinks are in use by Miss Frances Talbot who joined the expedition from the Institute of Archaeology, University of London. Early in August it was clear that the hull could be entirely exposed and made ready for lifting by the middle of September. National Geographic Society Research Reports, pp. the early 4th century B.C. Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea and the few parts of them studied have yielded valuable, but yet, incomplete information about the methods used by our ancestors in ancient shipbuilding. REF4239, Steffy measuring timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). Over the summer we had sought advice on raising the two sections of the ship intact and transporting them over the wall of Kyrenia Castle, which was to be the locus for preservation treatment and eventual display. Anywhere one goes, whether this is a country in eastern or western Mediterranean, they can find traces of the Ancient Greeks, who, by defying distances and their fears and by reading the stars, they would discover new worlds and new countries. So, it was decided to dismantle the larger western side of the hull on the bottom, and raise each piece separately. I n 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. Of the ten distinct amphora shapeseach perhaps representing a different port of callwe can now identify two types positively: those of Samos and Rhodes. 29 millstones were laden on over the keel in three rows and also served as ballast. Copyright 2023 - Kyrenia / Designed & Developed by NETinfo Plc No images, text or other material whatsoever from this website may be copied, published, re-produced or otherwise used without the written permission of yrenia unicipality. There are no submerged reefs or treacherous capes in sight. 177184. The ship's single sail had been taken down before she sank as the stern contained more than 100 lead rigging rings from a large square sail stowed there. Google Scholar. Then, as the cargo shifted, captain and crew would have realized the fate of their vessel. best-preserved ship of the Classical period of Greek civilisation ever found to Katzev, M., and S. Katzev. Das Schiff von Kyrenia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, eBook Packages: Springer Reference HistoryReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. length, has been preserved as it was safeguarded under a protective layer of n 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. The outer planks, for example, were even now so riddled by ancient teredo worms that a freshassault would almost certainly weaken them to the point of disintegration. Lastly, the thought that over the winter clandestine sport divers might find the timbers tempting as relics or treasure made our decision incontestable: to undertake the hull-raising immediately. a ship later known as the "Kyrenia Ship". Protecting maritime heritage in disputed territory: The Kyrenia Shipwreck Collection Restoration Program. : Kyrenia shipwreck. The Ancient Ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas. Great Moments in Greek Archaeology. 29 millstones were laden on over the keel in three rows and also served as ballast. Towards this end the excavation opened its storeroom temporarily to groups in the company of the castle custodian. 72-79. , constituted its main cargo. Rather, he probably had taken out a loan to charter the vessel for the sailing season, a loan to be paid off by a portion of the profits from the voyage. REF4252, Steffy working on the model of the hull (Photo: Susan Katzev). In 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. She proved her seaworthiness, with a remarkable ability to sail into the wind. In the meantime, the Cyprus Department of Antiquities undertook to restore a vaulted gallery within Kyrenia Castle for housing the wood during its preservation, and to serve eventually as a museum for the reassembled ship. Vessel W KYRENIA is a Container Ship, Registered in Marshall Is. Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea and the All these bits of evidence suggest that the ship sailed southwards along the coast of. Resurrecting an Ancient Greek Ship: Kyrenia, Cyprus, in Beneath the Seven Seas, edited by George F. Bass, pp. Already many of the archaeologists, students, photographers, and technicians in the creweventually to number over fortyhad assembled, and full-scale diving operations began. in Piraeus on June 22, 1985. That they, too, served in the ships rigging is a strong possibility. It is hoped that in the future a more complete story of the excavation may be assembled in these quarters to complement exhibition of the preserved ship in its own gallery across the castle courtyard. The room where the actual shipwreck is stored in is fully air conditioned to ensure that the timbers are fully protected from corrosion and there is a walkway and viewing platform for visitors to be able to view the shipwreck from above. REF4243, Recording the hull timbers on the seabed (Photo: Susan Katzev). To the projects additional sponsors: the Cook Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Ford Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, Cyprus Mines Corporation, Oberlin College, and the Houghton-Carpenter Foundation, we wish to extend our thanks. The ship sailed in the Mediterranean during the lifetime of Alexander the Great and his successors. After conservation and reassembly, the hull of the Kyrenia ship is now on display in the Kyrenia E-mail: [emailprotected], Data Privacy Policy | Website Privacy Notice. Next the mast step complex and keel were lifted, and finally the outer planks were cut into manageable lengths and raised. Forward and aft of the amphora and millstone cargoes the excavators began uncovering more items from the ships cabins. We did not know, however, the extent to which the timbers might be preserved. Category. During the summer of 1969 the expedition to Kyrenia completed excavation of the Greek ship, accomplishing what had been projected as two seasons of diving in one expanded campaign A fourth bronze coin appeared amidst the weights from the second net just forward of the cabin. The pirates at the time would have looted the ship, captured the sailors as slaves and sunk it. almonds, the bronze coins and the radio carbon dating on the hull indicated that In short,nothing short of removing a section of the castle battlements would permit an intact transfer. Ten distinct amphora shapes on board suggest other ports of call, such as Samos in the north. The results of both the stereo and pointing measurements are being assembled by Miss Laina Wylde into plans showing the ships original construction. courage to go ahead and give you a shout out from Kingwood Texas! The Kyrenia ship: An interim report on its Hull construction. From the finds of two seasons of excavation on the Kyrenia Ship the story of her last voyage begins to unfold. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. Translated by David Hardy, ed. National Geographic Society Research Reports, pp. Important UN General Assembly Resolutions. We have reason to believe that they abandoned ship and made an attempt to reach shore. Visitors to Kyrenia Castle, most of them Cypriotes, had expressed interest to see the objects from the excavation. H. Tzalas, 245256. REF4250, Steffy working on the lines drawing (Photo: Susan Katzev). 2023 Institute of Nautical Archaeology. coins. 315328. An analysis of the experimental voyages of Kyrenia II. Belryan( talk) 14:44, 4 October 2007 (UTC) [ reply] Category Museums in Northern Cyprus [ edit] 286-99. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. For the absence of any cache of precious coins, personal possessions, or skeletal remains suggests the crew did have time to gather up its belongingsand the captain to retrieve his earnings from the voyage. In H. Tzalas, ed. The replica was named Kyrenia II and was launched The Ancient Ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas.. She hasvirtually completed restoration of the 1968 finds and is at present working on the considerable amount of material recovered in 1969. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. President of the Kyrenia Chrysokava Cultural Foundation, Telephone: 22818040 This was proven using the radiocarbon dating method which revealed that various parts of the ship had been built using wood of various ages. http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-kyrenia-shipwreck/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrenia_ship. and is the oldest Greek vessel ever discovered. A large portion of the hull was preserved. REF4247, Steffy inspecting a timber (Photo: Susan Katzev). - YouTube 0:00 / 4:09 " KYRENIA II ", Ship model by Chef Andros. Altmetric. Ed. All of the artifacts recovered in Green, J. The "Kyrenia II" ship It was made from Aleppo pine and would have one main sailing mast and the bottom of the hull would have been coated in a thick lacquer to protect it from sea worms boring into the wood. The Kyrenia ship was built in The survey and excavation of the site was directed by Michael Katzev between 1967 and 1969. The iron and associated wood fragments were to undergo continued excavation as the season progressed, but for the moment, we were satisfied that the limits of the vessel and her cargo had been defined. Ten distinct amphora shapes on board suggest other ports of call, such as Samos in the north. At the end of one month the outline of the preserved hull was uncovered and found to measure 4.8 x 11.4 meters. Sea and the few parts of them studied have yielded valuable, but yet, incomplete This piece, grooved as it is with numerous slots and accompanied by two additional half-round bracing members forward, is testimony to the craft of the Greek shipwrighthere demonstrated even in what must have been the most common type of vessel, the merchant ship. The Kyrenia shipwreck was first discovered in 1965 by town councilman Andreas Cariolou. The current position of W KYRENIA is was exhibited at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, in New York (fig. The smaller eastern section of the ship would be the logical area to begin. At the barge each basket was winched onto an awaiting boat. Cambridge University Library Archives. REF4245, Recording timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). Thus, it will form a most interesting segment in the final study of the merchant ship, bearing, as it does, on both ancient milling technology and trade patterns within the Classical world. V. Karageorghis and D. Michaelides, 139188. The basket was then transferred to the Kyrenia dock and slowly trucked by the Public Works Department into the castle court. It is said that these lead tablets are hammered onto a ship by pirates before scuttling it to curse the ship in order to protect themselves from their deeds. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In Great moments in Greek archaeology. The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a The Kyrenia ship was a small Greek merchantman which sank off the north coast of Cyprus late in the fourth century B. C. Its timbers have been reconstructed in Kyrenia, Cyprus, date. The wreck of the Kyenia ship was discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name. Amidships and resting directly on the hull were ten double knobs, resembling yo-yos. There the wood was washed and placed in fresh-water tanks. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Hello! The wood then went into one large fresh-water bath. The Kyrenia ship was a small Greek merchantman which sank off the north coast of Cyprus late in the fourth century B. C. Its timbers have been reconstructed in Kyrenia, Cyprus, where it is displayed along with cargo and artifacts from the wreck. We concluded that the vessel would best be cut up into convenient sizes for the lift and subsequent transfer through the castle doorways. Early in the season small fragments of thin lead sheets with bronze tacks were also found, and later, larger sheets were uncovered, indicating that the Greek ship had been covered in a sheathing of lead to protect its hull against marine life. This nearly two-thousand-year-old victim is the earliest physical evidence of piracy. However, a more permanent and less distracting arrangement needed to be made. The task of carefully removing the ship from the seabed took a couple of years. Katzev, M. 1990. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 2023 Archaeology Magazine, a Publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. Furthermore, a amphorae used for wine carrying and for the storage of almonds. By the end of May the diving barge was reanchored over the wreck, and the site cleared of the sand and plastic sheets which had been laid over it as winter protection at the end of the 1968 excavation. Over 2,000 individual dives were logged this season, bringing the working hours on the wreck to better than 1,000. The reconstruction of the Kyrenia ship, 19721975. The Kyrenia Ship: An Interim Report on Its Hull Construction | American Journal of Archaeology: Vol 89, No 1 Skip to main content Search Search 1995. London: Archon Books. We followed the procedure of the past year, diving in teams of two to six and spending forty minutes working time on the bottom each morning and thirty minutes in the afternoon. Steffy, J.R. 1985. The University Museum undertook the second campaign of excavation on the Kyrenia shipwreck with the very kind permission of the Department of Antiquities of the Republic of Cyprus. Another part of the cargo comprised 9000 almonds in jars. Franais : pave de navire marchand grec antique retrouv Kyrenia (Chypre). 331340. Deutsch: The Kyrenia ship. Using a compressed-air-driven underwater saw, this side was separated into manageable pieces of approximately one by two meters. Oxford University Press. discovered.

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