The reaction is dangerous and almost unstoppable, because it cannot be smothered (because it provides its own oxygen) and it cannot be put out with water (burns wet). If youre looking to make your profile visible to everyone on social media, youve come to the right place. Remove any clothing or jewelry that came in contain with the acid. Global warming is not a chemical reaction itself, but rather a consequence of a long chain of chemical reactions 1. Flammable and non-flammable gases are incompatible with corrosive substances. Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s). Neutralization (chemistry) - Wikipedia Alka Seltzer's main component is sodium bicarbonate, commonly called baking soda, with the chemical formula NaHCO 3.As a carbonate, Alka Seltzer reacts with strong acids like hydrochloric acid to form compounds that have a different chemical composition than the initial compounds, thus undergoing a chemical reaction. This information is based upon technical data that DuPont believes to Absorption of gaseous hydrogen chloride on mercuric sulfate becomes violent @ 125 deg. Hydrochloric acid is also used as an acidifier in sauces, vegetable juices and canned goods, to help enhance flavor and reduce spoilage. Worst case scenario? When working with hydrochloric acid, use safety goggles and acid-resistant aprons and gloves. Rats that were chronically exposed to inhalation tests experienced lesions in the nasal cavity and other side effects. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. It is used in the chemical industry in the large-scale production of vinyl chloride used to make PVC, and it is one of the chemicals used to produce polyurethane foam and calcium chloride. Other nasty compounds that may be produced include chloroacetone, dichloroacetone, and hydrochloric acid. The sulfur dioxide, which is formed by burning coal and oil, goes up and mixes with the clouds. CaCO3 and HCl are the only chemicals that had been used. including trade names and synonyms. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hydrochloric-acid, mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/art-20056667. Hydrochloric acid is extremely dangerous both externally and internally. (b) Which gas is liberated when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate? If you mix x litres of water to 12l of milk to increase from 20% to 40% water by volume. The incident caused fourth degree burns that eventually led to amputation. Small pill s should be dropped one by one and dilute with water and absorb with an dry materia l which will be inert in nature, and then place in . The sun is a powerful source of ultraviolet radiation that can cause significant damage, even on cloudy, overcast days. So, it is always advantageous to know the most harmful reactions in the field of chemistry. Calcium phosphide and hydrochloric acid undergo very energetic reaction. The reaction doesn't generate just bleach compounds; it makes a mixture of hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite, and other corrosive compounds. . Information on peroxide forming compounds Chemical weapons, such as the atom bomb, use several different chemical reactions to produce large amounts of heated gas--which not only causes a huge explosion, but produces gases that can be harmful to people hundreds of miles away 1. aluminized outer suit) garments should not knowingly enter an explosive Pharmaceutical Compounding Are you doing it Safely. **The sulfur dioxide, which is formed by burning coal and oil, goes up and mixes with the clouds. Reacts violently with acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, calcium phosphide, chlorosulfonic acid, 1,1-difluoroethylene, ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, perchloric acid, b-propiolactone, propylene oxide, silver perchlorate/carbon tetrachloride mixture, sodium hydroxide, uranium(IV) phosphide, vinyl acetate, calcium carbide, rubidium carbide, cesium acetylide, rubidium acetylide, magnesium boride, mercury(II) sulfate [Lewis]. Solution Verified Answered 10 months ago Create an account to view solutions Recommended textbook solutions Pearson Chemistry Matta, Staley, Waterman, Wilbraham 3,748 solutions Chemistry: The Central Science Its found in pool chemicals, some fertilizer, and some household cleaners. attached socks do not have adequate durability or slip resistance to be Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is the user's responsibility to determine the level of toxicity and the proper personal protective equipment needed. In fact, the acids reduce the effectiveness of retinol. Occupational exposure can occur in industrial environments by inhalation or skin contact during the production and use of hydrochloric acid. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as vapor respirators, rubber gloves, splash goggles and face shields should be used when handling hydrochloric acid. Is prolonged exposure to hydrochloric acid dangerous? Chapter 40 - Chemical burns. It is dangerous to put these metals into an acid. You get added skin irritation and sensitivity, plus you wasted money. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. recommendation to infringe any patent, trademark or technical Food and beverages contain small amounts of hydrochloric acid that are neutralized and buffered during ingestion and digestion, or after absorption according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. fabric becomes torn,abraded or punctured, or if seams or closures fail, Alka Seltzers main component is sodium bicarbonate, commonly called baking soda, with the chemical formula NaHCO3. Carbonates like Alka Seltzer, when mixed with an acid, will always form a salt and carbonic acid. Why the warning? Colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Plastic containers, such as those made of PVC, can typically be used to store hydrochloric acid. Undergoes a very energetic reaction with calcium phosphide [Mellor 8:841(1946-1947)]. Health Effects Of Hydrochloric Acid Poisoning . The acid itself is corrosive, and concentrated forms release acidic mists that are also dangerous. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Heres an overview of how these two acids are different: Hydrochloric acid can cause a severe chemical burn if it comes into contact with your skin. A salt is a chemical which consists of a cation (positive ion) which comes from a base, and a anion (negative ion) which comes from an acid. Sugar reacts with anything with which it comes in contact. He has written several articles for eHow and holds a Master of Arts in creative writing from Oregon State University. What is the chemical reaction of magnesium and hydrochloric acid? Additional information is available from The American Chemical Society Incompatible Chemicals. All replies. C. Sodium reacts very violently with gaseous hydrogen chloride. This nasty chemical reaction is most likely to be encountered if you color your hair at home. The information reflects permeation rate exceeds 0.1 g/cm2/min) are reported in minutes. a strong acid that can cause chemical burns, naturally found in your skin, eyes, and joints. For other equipment, a small 20mL measuring cylinder, a dropper, a tiny spoon, test tube holder and 4 test tubes are the most important equipment in this experiment. If you perform the reaction between hydrochloric acid and Alka Seltzer, you must observe safe practices. ASTM F739. Nausea. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. It corrodes most metals immediately and at the same time releases hydrogen gas. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, represented by the chemical formula HCl. Office of Response and Restoration, information should first verify that the garment selected is suitable Normally stable but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, no Never mix cleaning products not intended to work together. Industrial uses of HCL include making cleaners, steel, photography . Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of chemical burns. (NFPA, 2010) General Description. When heated, it generates larges quantities of hydrochloric acid fumes. HYDROCHLORIC ACID is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, an acidic gas. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid can evolve toxic hydrogen chloride gas at a dangerous rate. It may lead to: Ingestion of hydrochloric acid may lead to: Hydrochloric acid burns can cause major injuries. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) is an arrhenius Acid, this can be confirmed from the Chemical equation given below which shows the reaction of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) with water. As best, it will make you cough and irritate your eyes, nose, and mouth. In a science class (controlled environment), you may mix small concentrated amounts of acid and base together. Reacts exothermically with carbonates (including limestone and building materials containing limestone) and hydrogen carbonates to generate carbon dioxide. Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Jabirs invention of the gold-dissolving aqua regia, consisting of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, was of great interest to alchemists searching for the philosophers stone. (This method can be viewed on the NIOSH website: ttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/7903.pdf) The test objective was to determine the effectiveness of Sentry Air Systems Acid Gas filter media in keeping operator ambient hydrochloric acid concentrations to a minimum while the interior of the hood was subjected to a large quantity of hydrochloric acid fumes. Other carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, the main component of Tums, will produce similar reactions. (USCG, 1999), Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable, Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable, Autoignition Temperature: Not flammable (USCG, 1999), Vapor Density (Relative to Air): data unavailable, Boiling Point: 123F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999), Ionization Energy/Potential: Use the Internet to look up the SDS for hydrochloric acid and answer the following questions: a. Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Chemical weapons are the most dangerous, harmful chemical reactions ever made 1. Looking for a specific issue? More information about maintenance for a healthy and safe swimming pool experience can be found on the CDCs website. We avoid using tertiary references. Toxicological Data: Oral Rat LD50: 240 mg/kg (estimate) Oral Rabbit LD50: 900 mg/kg . Acid rain results when sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and nitrogen oxides (NO X) are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by wind and air currents. Hydrochloric acid is so strong that it can eat through metal, something you can witness first hand in the school chemistry lab. Tychem ThermoPro, Tychem Reflector and Tychem TK styles 600T/601T What It Does: Chlorine gas has been used as a chemical warfare agent, so it's not something you want to be producing and inhaling in your home. Generally, both Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are really strong acids compared to any other acids. Produces irritating vapor. Which of the following tasks are typically performed following a windows server 2022 installation? It aids in digestion, fights heartburn and acid reflux, has antimicrobial effects, protects against leaky gut, defends against candida, supports skin health, and helps with nutrient absorption. Second- and third-degree burns can cause scars. Examples: Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide 0. (USCG, 1999). Reacts with many metals (including aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, tin and all of the alkali metals) to generate flammable hydrogen gas. The chemical reaction is shown below. Hydrogen chloride; (Hydrochloric acid) (7647-01-0). Nitroglycerine is very unstable and can be commonly found as a liquid, powder or tablet. It corrodes most metals immediately and at the same time releases hydrogen gas. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. Chemistry can be very amusing, but when combining different elements, it is very important to be cautious and know what will happen. Guests at a hotel in Sydney, Australia had to be taken to hospital after a staff member cleaning the pool mistakenly mixed pool chlorine with hydrochloric acid - creating a cloud of poisonous chlorine gas that seeped through the hotel building. Produces irritating vapor. Expert Answer. Were all late from time to time; it is part of life. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Never mix nitromethane with bases or amines. Reacts with sulfides, carbides, borides, and phosphides to generate toxic or flammable gases. The chemical reaction of hydrochloric acid with various other compounds is an exothermic process and thus requires deep concentration. It is the user's OSHA Appropriate Engineering controls: Emergency eye wash fountains and safety showers should be available in the immediate vicinity of use or handling. Other nasty compounds that may be produced include chloroacetone, dichloroacetone, and hydrochloric acid. Chemical & Engineering News ISSN . This is because some reactants can be very dangerous chemicals released into the air, while other reactions are exothermic and will begin to heat up to very high temperatures. controlled conditions. warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use and Severe sunburns are sometimes referred to as sun poisoning. Reacts exothermically with organic bases (amines, amides) and inorganic bases (oxides and hydroxides of metals). More specifically, NaHCO3 + HCl forms NaCl + H2CO3, more commonly referred to as salt and carbonic acid. During the late 19th century, which of the following groups most benefited from the poverty. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2021, September 7). The chemicals can cause organ damage and lead to cancer and other diseases later in life. Group E; Oxidizing Chemicals: Chemicals that will very often react violently with organics. Flush your skin of the hydrochloric acid by running cool water over the affected area for 10 minutes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, represented by the chemical formula HCl. O'Cleireachain MR, et al. otherwise stated. ThoughtCo, Sep. 7, 2021, thoughtco.com/chemicals-you-should-never-mix-606817. If fabric becomes torn,abraded or punctured, or if seams or closures fail, or if attached gloves, visors, etc. Shortness of breath. Leave all chemicals in labeled containers. Hydrochloric acid has the potential to cause life threatening burns. If your skin comes into contact with hydrochloric acid, it can result in severe burns that need medical attention. responsibility to determine the level of toxicity and the proper Eye wash stations and showers should be readily available for use in case of accidents. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and Alka Seltzer can further be classified as a gas-forming reaction. Ben Mills The sodium hypochlorite in household bleach reacts with ethanol or isopropanol in rubbing alcohol to produce chloroform. Acids and bleach, azides, cyanides, sulfides, metals, or carbides can result in the generation of toxic fumes. Dilution may generate heat. permeated through the fabric exceeds the limit in MIL-STD-282 [either be reliable on the date issued. What It Does: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) reacts with vinegar (weak acetic acid) to produce carbon dioxide gas, sodium acetate, and mostly water. Acid rain is a man-made calamity. Each molecule of HCl is composed of a one-to-one ratio of hydrogen and chlorine. When marble chips are placed in hydrochloric acid, a chemical reaction occurs that results in the production of several different products. Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction evolved. When your bodys protective barrier of mucus is disrupted, stomach ulcers may form. Undergoes a very energetic reaction with calcium phosphide [Mellor 8:841(1946-1947)]. You can also relieve pain with. A 2014 case study describes an accident where a 50-year-old pool cleaners skin was exposed to chemicals containing hydrochloric acid. Every day, people are exposed to a variety of activities or products that could, under certain circumstances, cause harm. Clearly, this isn't the kind of reaction you want in your bathtub, so avoid bringing these two . Bleach Fact sheet Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating vapors are generated when heated. Inhalation of hydrochloric acid vapors and mists produces nose, throat, and laryngeal burning, and irritation, pain and inflammation, coughing, sneezing, choking sensation, shortness of breath, hoarseness, laryngeal spasms, upper respiratory tract edema, bronchial constriction, bronchitis, chest pains, as well has headache, and palpitations. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating vapors are generated when heated. All chemicals have been tested at a concentration of Metal containers are generally not suitable for storing hydrochloric acid due to its corrosive nature. However, HCl is stronger than H2SO4. Group I: Oxidizing Acids: Inorganic acids that will often react violently with organics Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. (2018). This acid purifies table salts. If the acid or mist come into contact with the skin, eyes, or internal organs, the damage can be irreversible or even fatal in severe cases. Magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride, carbon Most people probably wouldnt want to go swimming in a giant, germ-filled petri dish. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION. There will be a change in temperature of the test tube, slight fizzing of gas bubbles,then the magnesium ribbon will dissolve into water, leaving in blue. Common household chemicals--even ones used in cooking--may pose risks if they are mixed with other chemicals. The fabric permeation data was generated for DuPont by a third party laboratory. The Effects of Inhalation of Clorox Fumes. List the order of group policy processing, starting with the policies, which are processed first. or if attached gloves, visors, etc. Liquid causes burns. Oh, the combination is fantastic if you want to produce carbon dioxide gas for a chemical volcano, but negates your efforts if you intend to use the chemicals for cleaning. They are built to be destructive, and that is exactly what they are. ** In a science class (controlled environment), you may mix small concentrated amounts of acid and base together. INGESTION: have person drink water or milk; do NOT induce vomiting. Adding Alka Seltzer to hydrochloric acid initiates a chemical reaction known as a double displacement reaction. Physical properties. Colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. All rights reserved. Hydrochloric Acid Muriatic Acid, Hydrogen Chloride in Solution 7647-01- 20 - 36.5 w/w% Dihydrogen Oxide Water 7732-18-5 Balance . Information on Azide Compounds What happens when hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate? Examples: Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Chromic Acid, Perchloric Acid It can be responsible for gastroesophageal reflux disease and just plain ole acid indigestion. Although you might be able to drink the products of Alka Seltzer and water, you should not consume the products of your experiment with Alka Seltzer and hydrochloric acid. What It Does: Chloramine burns your eyes and respiratory system and can lead to internal organ damage. Carbonate rocks or minerals that react with acid are found in some conglomerates and breccias. used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or This section provides a listing of alternate names for this chemical, including trade names and synonyms. The reaction isn't limited to vinegar (weak acetic acid). Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium all react violently with dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid. This aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is known as muriatic acid. e. Identify 3 chemicals that produce a potentially dangerous reaction . In addition to avoiding mixing chemicals, some chemicals should be stored separately from one another. This is because. Frequently, the sample is not soluble in water and must be treated with acids or a mixture of acids to facilitate solubility. All chemicals have been tested between approximately 20C and 27C unless otherwise stated. This strong acid is highly corrosive and must be handled with appropriate safety precautions. Fumes in air. A similar experiment was performed in which a much larger quantity of TiCl 4 was added, at the same rate and in the same system, to aqueous hydrochloric acid. Metals to the right of hydrogen in the electrochemical series, such as copper, silver and gold, do not react. Web site owner: If the concentration of hydrochloric acid gas in the air is 0.035%, humans will have a pain in the throat and chest, and have difficulty in breathing within 10 minutes. It can cause severe burns and toxicity that may be, Thermal burns caused by direct contact with a hot object are one of the most common household injuries. Medium . conditions, at their own discretion and risk. chemicals have been tested between approximately 20C and 27C unless White phosphorous catches on fire when it contacts oxygen 10 to 15 degrees above room temperature. ** Since hydrogen peroxide is present in the clouds, sulfuric acid is produced from the chemical reaction between hydrogen peroxide and sulfur dioxide. Answer (1 of 2): It's an acid/base neutralisation reaction; acid + base react together to give salt and water [1] In this case, the salt produced is sodium chloride (table salt): HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O 1. In many cases, seams and closures have shorter breakthrough times and higher permeation rates than the fabric. Permeation data for industrial chemicals is obtained per Common end uses for hydrochloric acid include household cleaners, pool maintenance and food manufacturing. greater than 95% unless otherwise stated. Anyone intending to use this Can acids and caustics be stored together? The fabric permeation data was generated for DuPont by a third party Not many people are aware of the naturally occurring form of hydrochloric acid produced by the lining of the stomach, that breaks down connective tissue and cell membranes in the food, so that it can more easily be acted on by digestive enzymes. Sugar is a solid, and hydrochloric acid is a liquid. Chlorine gas exposure, even at low levels, almost always irritates the mucous membranes (eyes, throat and nose), and causes coughing and breathing problems, burning and watery eyes, and a runny nose. Toilet cleaners, pool chemicals, and some fertilizers are common household sources of hydrochloric acid. SMALL FIRE: CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam. "Breakthrough time" for chemical warfare agents is defined as the time when the cumulative mass which permeated through the fabric exceeds the limit in MIL-STD-282 [either 1.25 or 4.0 g/cm2]. The experiment then is helpful in the purification of common salt, manufacture of aqua regia, production of plastic, etc. (USCG, 1999). Variable Speed Control and a Fluorescent Light come standard with this unit. SKIN: immediately flush skin while removing contaminated clothing; get medical attention promptly; use soap and wash area for at least 15 min. Tychem garments with attached socks must be worn inside (NIOSH, 2022), IDLH: 50 ppm [From NPG: Hydrogen chloride] (NIOSH, 2022). It is called acid rain. (USCG, 1999). ThermoPro, Tychem Reflector and Tychem TK styles 600T/601T (with Reacts with sulfides, carbides, borides, and phosphides to generate toxic or flammable gases. Wear protective glasses and clothing when handling chemicals. Will not burn under typical fire conditions. It can cause damage, such as chemical burns, upon contact, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. (with aluminized outer suit) garments are designed and tested to help Home; Products. warfare agents is defined as the time when the cumulative mass which Even though hydrochloric acid can cause severe burns to your skin, your stomach is protected by a protective mucus layer produced by the cells that line your stomach. INHALATION: remove person to fresh air; keep him warm and quiet and get medical attention immediately; start artificial respiration if breathing stops. Toxic chemical fumes are harmful to health. These substances cannot be kept together during storage. breakthrough times and higher permeation rates than the fabric. Sentry Air Systems, Inc. All rights reserved, https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0396_summary.pdf#nameddest=rfc, 30 Wide Ductless Fume Hood Model # SS-330-DCH, ttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/7903.pdf, Industrial Fume Control Solutions to Help Meet Year-End Budget Balances, Safety in the Science Classroom: Chemistry Fume Hoods and Air Cleaners, 5 Air Quality Tips to Improve Work Efficiency, Improving Ventilation and Air Filtration to Help Prevent COVID Transmission in the Workplace, Best Practices for Advance Spiking of IV Bags. Even though only a small fraction of total burns are chemical burns, chemical burns are responsible for one-third of burn-related deaths. This process can heat up to 2500 degrees Celsius. Normalized breakthrough times (the time at which the Do any skin care products usehydrochloric acid? Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Reaction of metal with an acid causes corrosion of metal. For example. Hydrogen chloride is available commercially as an anhydrous gas or as aqueous solutions (hydrochloric acid). When hydrochloric acid is mixed or reacted with limestone, it produces calcium chloride, a type of salt used to de-ice roads. Inhibitors must be monitored to maintain their activity. The blue man: Burn from muriatic acid combined with chlorinated paint in an adult pool construction worker. Jabir discovered many important chemicals, and recorded his findings in over 20 books, which carried his chemical knowledge of hydrochloric acid and other basic chemicals for hundreds of years. What It Does: Peracetic acid can irritate your eyes and nose and may give you a chemical burn. This application requires Javascript. discontinue use of garment to avoid potential exposure to chemical. Solve any question of Acids, . Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Yes, You Can Get a Sunburn Even on a Cloudy Day. Permeation data for industrial chemicals is obtained per ASTM F739. Layering these products won't make you wrinkle-free. Acids and bases can be very reactive together. Group G or Group L: Organic chemicals: Chemicals containing carbon, many are flammable Hydrochloric acid is a hazardous liquid which must be used with care. Hsu M, et al. Note: This method should no longer be used as it classified as a historical document and has been replaced by NIOSH methods 7906, 7907, & 7908. These then mix with water and other materials before falling to the ground. Hydrochloric acid can cause damage if it comes into contact with your lungs, eyes, stomach, or skin. Chemicals You Should Never Mix. (ERG, 2020). Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. Article 22 minutes to read See a list of known issues that have been resolved for Windows Server 2022 over the last six months. Mixing Bleach and Ammonia When bleach is mixed with ammonia, toxic gases called chloramines are produced. laboratory. Hydrochloric acid is known as spirits of salt or acidum salis and its formula is HCl.Another name for HCl is muriatic acid.In muriatic acid Muriatic means pertaining to brine or salt.HCl is a strong acid, highly corrosive with many industrial applications.Hydrochloric acid is found naturally in gastric acid.. Hydrochloric acid used in the manufacture of other industrial chemicals like .

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